In 1983, when Barack Obama was a
student at Columbia University in New York, he wrote an essay for an
independent student newspaper on the anti-nuclear movement of the era. Copies
of the essay can be found at a few places on the Internet in pdf format, but it
seems like no one has created a more legible text version. I downloaded the
pdf, ran an OCR scan of the image, and fixed up errors in order to produce the
text below.
There are many sad ironies to be found
here in the words of this future American president. He decries the policies of
the Reagan administration of the day, but the record ended up showing that
Obama achieved much less than Reagan and Bush the elder in the way of nuclear
disarmament, in spite of having done academic work in the field and having been
given a Nobel Peace Prize right at the start of his presidency.
The young Obama lamented the “moribund
institutions” that prevented good people from bringing about the necessary
changes, and now this seems like a prophetic comment on the limitations he
would face in his own future. As president he has been utterly incapable of
stopping the
deep state from swaggering recklessly from one war to the next. During
Obama’s lifetime we have seen the cold war fade out in the Reagan-Gorbachev
friendship then fade back in again during the present hostilities between Obama
and Putin. Quite an achievement. Reagan himself, if he could see this
happening, might crack that wry smile and say to the young Obama, the young
President Obama, and to all Americans, “Well, there you go
again…”
__________
Barack Obama, “Breaking the War
Mentality,” Sundial, (now defunct, based at Columbia
University in the 1980s), March 10, 1983
Most students at Columbia do not have
first-hand knowledge of war. Military violence has been a vicarious experience,
channeled into our minds through television, film, and print.
The more sensitive among us struggle to
extrapolate experiences of war from our everyday experience, discussing the latest
mortality statistics from Guatemala, sensitizing ourselves to our parents’
wartime memories, or incorporating into our framework of reality as depicted by
a Mailer or a Coppola. But the taste of war—the sounds and chill, the dead
bodies—are remote and far removed. We know that wars have occurred, will occur,
are occurring, but bringing such experience down into our hearts, and taking
continual, tangible steps to prevent war, becomes a difficult task.
Two groups on campus, Arms Race
Alternatives (ARA) and Students Against Militarism (SAM), work within these
mental limits to foster awareness and practical action necessary to counter the
growing threat of war. Though the emphasis of the two groups differ, they share
an aversion to current government policy. These groups, visualizing the
possibilities of destruction and grasping the tendencies of distorted national
priorities, are throwing their weight into shifting America off the dead-end
track.
“Most people my age remember well the
air-raid drills in school, under the desk with our heads tucked between our
legs. Older people, they remember the Cuban Missile Crisis. I think these kinds
of things left an indelible mark on our souls, so we’re more apt to be
concerned,” says Don Kent, assistant director of programs and student
activities at Earl Hall Center. Along with the community Volunteer Service
Center, ARA has been Don’s primary concern, coordinating various working groups
of faculty, students, and staff members, while simultaneously seeking the ever-elusive
funding for programs.
“When I first came here two years ago, Earl
Hall had been a holding tank for five years. Paul Martin (director of Earl
Hall) and I discussed our interests, and decided that ARA would be one of the
programs we pushed.” Initially, most of the work was done by non-student
volunteers and staff.” Hot issues, particularly El Salvador, were occupying
students at the time. Consequently, we cosponsored a lot of activities with
community organizations like SANE (Students Against Nuclear Energy).”
With the flowering of the Nuclear Freeze
movement, and particularly the June 12 rally in Central Park, however, student participation
has expanded. One wonders whether this upsurge stems from young people’s
penchant for the latest ‘happenings,’ or from growing awareness of the
consequences of nuclear holocaust. ARA maintains a mailing list of 500 persons
and Don Kent estimates that approximately half of the active members are students.
Although he feels that continuity is provided by the faculty and staff members,
student attendance at ARA-sponsored events, in particular a November 11 convocation
on the nuclear threat, reveals a deep reservoir of concern. “I think students
on this campus like to think of themselves as sophisticated, and don’t
appreciate small vision. So they tend to come out more for the events. They do
not want to just fold leaflets.”
Mark Bigelow, a graduate intern from Union
Theological Seminary who works with Don to keep ARA running smoothly, agrees. “It
seems that students here are fairly aware of the nuclear problem, and it makes
for an underlying frustration. We try to talk to that frustration.”
Consequently, the thrust of ARA is towards generating dialogue which will give
people a rational handle on this controversial subject. This includes bringing speakers
like Daniel Ellsberg to campus, publishing fact sheets compiled by interested faculty,
and investigating the possible development of an interdisciplinary program in
the Columbia curriculum dealing “with peace, disarmament, and world order.”
Tied in with such a thrust is the absence
of what Don calls “a party line.” By taking an almost apolitical approach to
the problem, ARA hopes to get the university to take nuclear arms issues
seriously. “People don’t like having their intelligence insulted,” says Don, “so
we try to disseminate information and allow the individual to make his or her
own decision.”
Generally, the narrow focus of the Freeze
movement, as well as academic discussions of first versus second strike
capabilities, suit the military-industrial interests, as they continue adding to
their billion dollar erector sets. When Peter Tosh sings that “everybody’s asking
for peace, but nobody’s asking for justice,” one is forced to wonder whether disarmament
or arms control issues severed from economic and political issues, might be
another instance of focusing on the symptoms of a problem instead of the
disease itself. Mark Bigelow does not think so. “We do focus primarily on
catastrophic weapons. Look, we say, here’s the worst part, let’s work on that. You’re
not going to get rid of the military in the near future, so let’s at least work
on this.”
Mark Bigelow does feel that the links are there,
and points to fruitful work being done by other organizations involved with disarmament.
“The Freeze is one part of a whole disarmament movement. The lowest common denominator,
so to speak. For instance, April 10-16 is Jobs For Peace week, with a bunch of
things going on around the city. Also, the New York City Council may pass a
resolution in April calling for greater social as opposed to military spending.
Things like this may dispel the idea that disarmament is a white issue because
how the government spends its revenue affects everyone.”
The very real advantages of concentrating
on a single issue is leading the National Freeze movement to challenge
individual missile systems, while continuing the broader campaign. This year, Mark
Bigelow sees the checking of Pershing II and Cruise missile deployment as
crucial. “Because of their small size and mobility, their deployment will make possible
arms control verification far more difficult, and will cut down warning time
for the Soviets to less than ten minutes. That can only be a destabilizing
factor.” Additionally, he sees the initiation by the U.S. of the Test Ban
Treaty as a powerful first step towards a nuclear free world.
ARA encourages members to join buses to
Washington and participate in a
March
7-8 rally intended to push through the Freeze resolution which is making its second
trip through the House. ARA also will ask United Campuses to Prevent Nuclear War
(UCAM), an information and lobbying network based in universities, nationwide,
to serve as its advisory board in the near future. Because of its autonomy from
Columbia (which does not fund political organizations) UCAM could conceivably
become a more active arm of disarmament campaigns on campus, though the ARA
will continue to function solely as a vehicle for information and discussion.
Also operating out of Earl Hall Center, Students
Against Militarism was formed in response to the passage of registration laws
in 1980. An entirely student-run organization, SAM casts a wider net than ARA,
though for the purposes of effectiveness, they have tried to lock in on one
issue at a time.
“At the heart of our organization is an
anti-war focus”, says junior Robert Kahn, one of SAM’s fifteen or so active
members. “From there, a lot of issues shoot forth—nukes, racism, the draft, and
South Africa. We have been better organized when taking one issue at a time,
but we are always cognizant of other things going on, and collaborate
frequently with other campus organizations like CISPES and REELPOLITIK.”
At this time, the current major issue is
the Solomon Bill, the latest legislation from Congress to obtain compliance to
registration. The law requires that all male students applying for federal
financial aid submit proof of registration, or else the government coffers will
close. Yale, Wesleyan, and Swathmore have refused to comply, and plan to offer
non-registrants other forms of financial aid. SAM hopes to press Columbia into
following suit, though so far President Sovern and company seem prepared to
acquiesce to the bill.
Robert believes students tacitly support non-registrants,
though the majority did not comply. “Several students have come up to our
tables and said that had they known of the ineffectiveness of prosecution, they
would not have registered.” A measure of such underlying support is the 400
signatures on a petition protesting the Solomon Bill, which SAM collected the
first four hours it appeared. Robert also points out that prior to registration,
there were four separate bills circulating in the House proposing a return to
the draft, but none ever got out of committees, and there have not been renewed
efforts. An estimated half a million non-registrants can definitely be a
powerful signal.
Prodding students into participating in
events is tricky, but SAM members seem undaunted. “A lot of the problem comes
not from people’s ignorance of the facts, but because the news and statistics are
lifeless. That’s why we search for campus issues like the Solomon Bill that
have direct impact on the student body, and effectively link the campus to
broader issues.” By organizing and educating the Columbia community, such
activities lay the foundation for future mobilization against the relentless,
often silent spread of militarism in the country. “The time is right to tie
together social and military issues,” Robert continues, “and the more strident
the Administration becomes, the more aware people are of their real interests.
The belief that moribund institutions, rather
than individuals are at the root of the problem, keeps SAM’s energies alive. “A
prerequisite for members of an organization like ours is the faith that people
are fundamentally good, but you need to show them, and when you look at the
work that people are doing across the country, it makes you optimistic.”
Perhaps the essential goodness of humanity
is an arguable proposition, but by observing the SAM meeting last Thursday
night, with its solid turnout and enthusiasm, one might be persuaded that the
manifestations of our better instincts can at least match the bad ones.
Regarding Columbia’s possible compliance, one comment in particular hit upon an
important point with the Solomon bill, “The thing we need to do is expose how
Columbia is talking out of two sides of its mouth.”
Indeed, the most pervasive malady of the
collegiate system specifically, and the American experience generally, is that
elaborate patterns of knowledge and theory have been disembodied from
individual choices and government policy. What the members of ARA and SAM try
to do is infuse what they have learned about the current situation, bring the
words of that formidable roster on the face of Butler Library, names like
Thoreau, Jefferson, and Whitman, to bear on the twisted logic of which we are
today a part. By adding their energy and effort in order to enhance the
possibility of a decent world, they may help deprive us of a spectacular
experience—that of war. But then, there are some things we shouldn’t have to
live through in order to want to avoid the experience.
from:
Barack
Obama, “Breaking the War Mentality,” Sundial, (now defunct, based at Columbia University in
the 1980s), March 10, 1983
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